Express Entry Year-End Report 2022
2
Contents
Express Entry Year-End Report 2022 ........................................................................................................... 1
List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... 3
List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ 3
Acronym Glossary .................................................................................................................................... 6
Overview of Express Entry ....................................................................................................................... 7
How Express Entry works ......................................................................................................................... 7
Express Entry Responsiveness in 2022 .................................................................................................... 8
Upcoming enhancements to Express Entry ............................................................................................. 9
Who submitted an Express Entry profile? ............................................................................................... 9
Who got into the Express Entry pool? ...................................................................................................11
Who was invited to apply for permanent residence through Express Entry? .......................................14
Who applied for permanent residence through Express Entry? ...........................................................34
How long did it take to process Express Entry applications? ................................................................36
Who was admitted through Express Entry and where is their intended destination? .........................37
What were the economic outcomes of applicants? ..............................................................................40
Conclusion ..............................................................................................................................................44
3
List of Figures
Figure 1: Profile submissions to Express Entry, 2020-2022 ...................................................................... 10
Figure 2: Median employment earnings for Federal High Skilled by admission cohort and Canadians,
2016-2020 ................................................................................................................................................. 41
Figure 3: Median employment earnings for Provincial Nominees admitted under EE by admission
cohort and Canadians, 2016-2020 ......................................................................................................... 42
List of Tables
Table 1: Profile submissions to Express Entry, by gender, 2020-2022 ..................................................... 10
Table 3: Eligible profiles submitted to Express Entry by additional point type, 2020-2022 ..................... 12
Table 4: Eligible profiles submitted to Express Entry with no additional points by gender, 2020-2022 .. 12
Table 5: Eligible profiles submitted to Express Entry with additional points for Arranged Employment by
gender, 2020-2022 .................................................................................................................................... 12
Table 6: Eligible profiles submitted to Express Entry with additional points for Education in Canada by
gender, 2020-2022 .................................................................................................................................... 13
Table 7: Eligible profiles submitted to Express Entry with additional points for French-language
proficiency by gender, 2020-2022 ............................................................................................................ 13
Table 8: Eligible profiles submitted to Express Entry with additional points for Sibling in Canada by
gender, 2020-2022 .................................................................................................................................... 13
Table 9: Comprehensive Ranking System Score Distribution of Eligible Candidates in the pool, 2020-
2022 .......................................................................................................................................................... 13
Table 10: Invitations to apply issued to candidates by economic immigration program, 2022 ............... 15
Table 11: Invitations to apply issued to candidates by economic immigration program – men, 2020-
2022 .......................................................................................................................................................... 16
Table 12: Invitations to apply issued to candidates by economic immigration program – women, 2020-
2022 .......................................................................................................................................................... 16
Table 13: Invitations to apply issued to candidates by age, 2020-2022 ................................................... 17
Table 14: Invitations to apply issued to candidates by highest level of education, 2020-2022 ............... 17
Table 15: Invitations to apply issued to candidates by first official language proficiency level, 2020-2022
.................................................................................................................................................................. 18
Table 16: Invitations to apply issued to candidates by amount of Canadian work experience, 2020-2022
.................................................................................................................................................................. 18
Table 17: Invitations to apply issued to candidates by amount of foreign work experience, 2020-2022 18
Table 18: Invitations to apply issued to candidates assigned additional points (a) and invitations to
apply issued to candidates that met relevant criteria of additional points (b) -not mutually exclusive,
2020-2022 ................................................................................................................................................. 19
Table 19: Invitations to apply issued to candidates that met the criteria for Arranged Employment
points by gender, 2020-2022 .................................................................................................................... 20
Table 20: Invitations to apply issued to candidates that met the criteria for Education in Canada points
by gender, 2020-2022 ............................................................................................................................... 20
4
Table 21: Invitations to apply issued to candidates that met the criteria for French-language proficiency
points by gender, 2020-2022 .................................................................................................................... 20
Table 22: Invitations to apply issued to candidates that met the criteria for Siblings in Canada points by
gender, 2020-2022 .................................................................................................................................... 20
Table 23: Most common primary occupations, upon invitation to apply – total, 2020-2022 .................. 21
Table 24: Most common primary occupations, upon invitation to apply – men, 2020-2022 .................. 23
Table 25: Most common primary occupations, upon invitation to apply – women, 2020-2022 ............. 24
Table 26: Most common occupations of candidates assigned Arranged Employment points, upon
invitation to apply – total, 2020-2022 ...................................................................................................... 26
Table 27: Most common occupations of candidates assigned Arranged Employment points, upon
invitation to apply – men, 2020-2022 ....................................................................................................... 28
Table 28: Most common Arranged Employment occupations, upon invitation to apply – women, 2020-
2022 .......................................................................................................................................................... 29
Table 29: Most common countries of residence among candidates who received an invitation to apply –
total, 2020-2022 ........................................................................................................................................ 31
Table 30: Most common countries of residence among candidates who received an invitation to apply –
men, 2020-2022 ........................................................................................................................................ 31
Table 31: Most common countries of residence among candidates who received an invitation to apply –
women, 2020-2022 ................................................................................................................................... 32
Table 32: Most common country of citizenship among candidates who received an invitation to apply–
total, 2020-2022 ........................................................................................................................................ 33
Table 33: Most common country of citizenship among candidates who received an invitation to apply–
men, 2020-2022 ........................................................................................................................................ 33
Table 34: Most common country of citizenship among candidates who received an invitation to apply–
women, 2020-2022 ................................................................................................................................... 34
Table 35: Applications (principal applicants) to economic immigration programs through Express Entry
by gender, 2020-2022 ............................................................................................................................... 35
Table 36: Applications received through Express Entry by Province/Territory of destination, principal
applicants, 2020-2022 ............................................................................................................................... 35
Table 37: Processing times* of Express Entry applications finalized by economic immigration program,
in months, 2020-2022 ............................................................................................................................... 36
Table 38: Admissions (total persons) through Express Entry by economic immigration program, 2020-
2022 .......................................................................................................................................................... 37
Table 39: Admissions (principal applicant) through Express Entry by economic immigration program –
men, 2020-2022 ........................................................................................................................................ 37
Table 40: Admissions (principal applicant) through Express Entry by economic immigration program –
women, 2020-2022 ................................................................................................................................... 38
Table 41: Admissions (total persons) through Express Entry by most common countries of citizenship,
2020-2022 ................................................................................................................................................. 38
Table 42: Admissions (total persons) through Express Entry by Province/Territory of destination, 2020-
2022 .......................................................................................................................................................... 39
Table 43: Admissions (total persons) through the Provincial Nominee Program in Express Entry by
Province/Territory* of destination, 2020-2022 ........................................................................................ 39
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Table 44: Admissions (total persons) through the Federal High Skilled by Province/Territory of
destination, 2020-2022 ............................................................................................................................. 40
Table 45: Median Employment Earnings (2020$) 2 years after admission by Education in Canada
attribute (i.e. including PNP) ..................................................................................................................... 43
Table 46: Median Employment Earnings (2020$) 2 years after admission by Arranged Employment
attribute (i.e. including PNP) ..................................................................................................................... 44
Table 47: Median Employment Earnings (2020$) 2 years after admission by French-Speaker attribute
(i.e. including PNP) .................................................................................................................................... 44
Table 48: Median Employment Earnings (2020$) 2 years after admission by Siblings in Canada attribute
(i.e. including PNP) .................................................................................................................................... 44
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Acronym Glossary
CEC
Canadian Experience Class
CLB
Canadian Language Benchmarks
CRS
Comprehensive Ranking System
EE
Express Entry
FHS
Federal High Skilled
FSTP
Federal Skilled Trades Program
FSWP
Federal Skilled Worker Program
GCMS
Global Case Management System
GoC
Government of Canada
IRCC
Immigration, Refugee and Citizenship Canada
IRPA
Immigration and Refugee Protection Act
ITA
Invitation to Apply
MI
Ministerial Instructions
NCLC
Niveaux de compétence linguistique canadiens
NOC
National Occupation Classification
PNP
Provincial/Territorial Nominee Program
TEER
Training, Education, Experience and Responsibilities
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Overview of Express Entry
Launched in January 2015, Express Entry (EE) is Canada’s flagship application management system for
three Federal High Skilled (FHS) permanent economic immigration programs (i.e. the Federal Skilled
Worker Program (FSWP), Federal Skilled Trades Program (FSTP) and Canadian Experience Class
(CEC)) and a portion of the Provincial Nominee Program (PNP). In addition to providing a pathway to
permanent residence for prospective immigrants currently abroad, many temporary residents already in
Canada also transition to permanent residence through EE, with Canada consistently being the top
country of residence of individuals who receive an invitation to apply for permanent residence. As
described below, EE provides the Government of Canada (GoC) with the means to manage the intake of
applications for permanent residence under the-above listed key economic immigration programs, while
also facilitating the selection of individuals who are most likely to succeed economically in Canada.
As with previous reports, the EE Year-End Report 2022 provides an overview of EE and presents data
from across all stages of the EE continuum, including profile submissions, candidates in the pool,
invitations to apply (ITAs), applications, processing times, admissions, and for the first time since
Express Entry Year-End Reports have been issued, economic outcomes of applicants; as we now have
sufficient longitudinal economic outcome data. Throughout the report, historical and gender-
disaggregated data
1
is presented alongside the 2022 figures to provide additional context. Data is
operational and as such should be considered preliminary and subject to change.
How Express Entry Works
The EE system manages applications for permanent residence in two steps.
First, individuals express their interest in immigrating to Canada by completing an online profile, which
is screened electronically to determine if the individual is eligible for at least one of the FHS
immigration programs managed by the system. The profiles of individuals who meet the eligibility
criteria for at least one of these FHS programs
2
are placed in the EE pool and assigned a Comprehensive
Ranking System (CRS) score, based on information in their profile, including skills and experience,
according to point criteria that is publicly available on the Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship
(IRCC) website. Candidates in the pool are ranked according to their CRS score. Potential candidates
can estimate their scores prior to completing an online profile using a CRS tool, also available on the
IRCC website
3
.
Second, Ministerial Instructions (MIs) are regularly published on IRCC’s website specifying the number
of ITAs for permanent residence that will be sent to candidates in the EE pool on a specific date, known
as an invitation round. Invitation rounds normally take place every two weeks. General invitation rounds
are solely based on CRS scores, but some MIs also specify the economic immigration program(s) to
which candidates will be invited to apply. For each invitation round, ITAs are issued to candidates who
are eligible to be invited in that round, in descending CRS score rank order, until the maximum number
of invitations specified in the associated MIs is met. The profiles of candidates who do not receive an
ITA, or decline an ITA, remain in the pool for up to 12 months.
Candidates that receive an ITA have 60 days to either submit an online application for permanent
residence to IRCC or decline the invitation (which means their profile would re-enter the pool).
Candidates who receive an ITA but take no action within the 60-day period are withdrawn from the pool.
Upon receipt by IRCC, an immigration officer assesses the application to verify the applicant’s CRS
8
score, program eligibility, and admissibility. If the immigration officer is satisfied that all conditions
have been met and that the applicant is not inadmissible, they are approved for a permanent resident visa.
Applicants and their accompanying family members become permanent residents when they are
admitted to Canada. The processing standard for applications sourced via EE is six months for 80% of
cases. Processing times are measured from the day a complete application is received by IRCC until a
final decision is made by an immigration officer.
The Comprehensive Ranking System
The CRS is the backbone of the EE application management system. A CRS score comprises two
components: core points and additional points. These factors help predict a candidate’s potential for
success in the Canadian labour market. The maximum CRS score a candidate can achieve is capped at
1,200 points – 600 points under the core component and 600 points under the additional points
component. All information provided at the profile submission stage for the purpose of generating a CRS
score is self-reported and must be supported with appropriate documentation from the candidate at the
application stage, or the application could be refused.
Under the core points, the person’s human capital characteristics (e.g., age, education, official language
proficiency, work experience) are scored. A candidate who indicates they would apply with an
accompanying spouse or common-law partner can receive a maximum of 560 points for their own core
characteristics and is awarded up to a maximum of 40 points, depending on the human capital
characteristics of their spouse/common-law partner. A candidate without an accompanying
spouse/common-law partner can receive a maximum of 600 points under the core component. Under the
additional points component, a candidate can receive points for having a provincial/territorial nomination
(600 points), arranged employment (50 or 200 points), Canadian post-secondary education credentials
(15 or 30 points), French-language proficiency (25 or 50 points), or a sibling in Canada (15 points).
4
Additional points increase the probability that a given candidate will receive an ITA, but cannot alone
ensure it – with the exception of the points for a provincial/territorial nomination, which are enough to
virtually guarantee an ITA, through either a general invitation or PNP-specific round.
Candidates in the EE pool can, and in some cases must, update their profile to reflect any change in
circumstances, which may affect their CRS score. Some updates are automatically triggered when
milestones are reached, such as a birthday or expiry of language test results. Other updates must be
manually revised, such as steps candidates take to improve their CRS scores, thereby increasing their
probability of receiving an ITA. This includes for example, increasing official language skills or
securing arranged employment.
Changes to Express Entry in 2022
On November 16, 2022, IRCC implemented the new National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
system, developed by Employment and Social Development Canada and Statistics Canada which is
updated every five years. IRCC uses the NOC to determine and assess the occupational eligibility
criteria under its immigration programs. NOC 2021 introduced structural changes by replacing skill level
groups with Training, Education, Experience and Responsibility (TEER) categories. With the
implementation of the NOC 2021, 16 new occupations became eligible under the FSWP and CEC, and
eight new occupations became eligible under the FSTP.
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Upcoming enhancements to Express Entry
On June 23, 2022, legislative amendments were made to the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act
(IRPA) that authorize the Minister of IRCC to invite foreign nationals to apply for permanent residence
through EE on a new basis – their eligibility to be members of a category that supports an identified
economic goal. This new authority, referred to as “category-based selection” will increase flexibility to
select candidates in the EE pool with the skills and attributes needed to respond to Canada’s evolving
economic needs and Government priorities through a new invitation round type. The development of
categories for use in category-based selection rounds will be informed by data, labour market
information engagement with provincial and territorial partners and stakeholder consultations.
Categories will be based on key attributes, such as official language knowledge and work experience and
will change over time.
The Department conducted public consultations between late November 2022 and January 2023 on
enhancing Express Entry through category-based selection, through a web-based questionnaire and
direct engagement with provinces and territories. The consultation process also invited written input
from 2,960 organizations across Canada, and received 263 responses to the online questionnaire, as well
as 26 written submissions via email. A summary of input received from IRCC stakeholders is available
on IRCC’s website. The input highlighted the need for a focus on addressing labour market shortages,
and supporting Francophone immigration and economic growth in Francophone minority communities.
Similarly, in February 2023, the Minister of IRCC launched a wide-ranging consultation and review of
Canada’s immigration system, “An Immigration System for Canada’s Future” to hear directly about how
Canada’s immigration policies and programs could best support Canada’s present and future needs. The
review provided opportunities for partners and stakeholder to express their views, including regional
roundtables, focused sessions in key areas of interest, and an online survey, resulting in input from over
16,000 clients, individuals, and representatives of business, academia, and settlement organizations.
Input received through the strategic immigration review highlighted the need to ensure immigrant
selection is rigorous and evidence-based, further confirming the need to inform category-based selection
through reliable data.
Based on the input received during the category-based selection consultation process and in-line with
feedback received during the review of the immigration system, the first use of category-based selection
will take place in 2023 and will focus on helping address structural labour market shortages, and
supporting economic growth through francophone immigration outside of Quebec. More information on
category-based selection will be presented in future year-end reports.
Who submitted an Express Entry profile?
In 2022, 428,391 EE profiles were submitted through the system, which represents a slight decrease of
3% from 2021 but an increase of 19% from 2020 (Figure 1). The proportion of profiles submitted in
2022 that were eligible for at least one of the FHS immigration programs managed by EE (74%) was
unchanged from that observed in 2021.
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Figure 1: Profile submissions to Express Entry, 2020-2022
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of January 09, 2023
Text Version:
Profile submission to Express Entry, 2020-2022
In 2020, 360,998 Express Entry profiles were submitted, including 266,658 eligible profiles and 94,340 ineligible
profiles. In 2021, 443,003 total Express Entry profiles were submitted, including 326,257 eligible profiles and
116,746 ineligible profiles. In 2022, 428,391 total Express Entry profiles were submitted, including 318,828 eligible
profiles and 109,563 ineligible profiles.
As displayed in Table 1, in 2022, more profiles were submitted by men (238,382) than women
(189,881). The proportion of total profile submissions by men (56%) and women (44%) were unchanged
from 2021. While the proportion of profile submissions that were eligible for at least one program has
not changed from 2020 to 2022 by men (71%), there was a slight increase from previous years in 2022
by women (78%). Overall, women have consistently submitted a slightly higher proportion of eligible
profiles, by approximately 6-7 percentage points compared to men.
Table 1: Profile submissions to Express Entry, by gender, 2020-2022
Profile
outcome
2020 #
2021 #
2021 %
2022 #
2022%
Men
Eligible
147,666
176,870
71%
169,812
71%
Ineligible
59,541
71,637
29%
68,570
29%
Total
207,207
248,507
100%
238,382
100%
Women
Eligible
118,950
149,338
77%
148,959
78%
Ineligible
34,738
45,032
23%
40,922
22%
Total
153,688
194,370
100%
189,881
100%
Total*
Eligible
266,658
326,257
74%
318,828
74%
266,658
326,257
318,828
94,340
116,746
109,563
360,998
443,003
428,391
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
2020 2021 2022
Number of profiles submitted
to Express Entry
Year
Profiles Submitted to Express Entry
Eligible Candidates
Ineligible Candidates
Total
11
Ineligible
94,340
116,746
26%
109,563
26%
Total*
360,998
443,003
100%
428,391
100%
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of January 09, 2023
*Total includes Another gender, Unknown and Unspecified (2020 - 103, 2021 - 126 and 2022 - 128)
Who got into the Express Entry pool?
The distributions of CRS scores for eligible candidate profiles at the time of submission are presented in
Table 2. In each year, the CRS scores consistently remain concentrated in the 301-500 range even as the
total number of eligible profiles submitted slightly decreased in 2022. It is important to note that the EE
pool is dynamic, and that the distribution of CRS scores change every time an eligible profile is
submitted, updated, or expires.
Table 2: Comprehensive Ranking System score distribution of total eligible profiles submitted to
Express Entry, at time of submission, 2020-2022
CRS Score Range
2020 #
2020 %
2020 #
2021 %
2022 #
2022 %
701-1200
15
<1%
79
<1%
11
<1%
651-700
38
<1%
38
<1%
71
<1%
601-650
146
<1%
133
<1%
240
<1%
551-600
672
<1%
786
<1%
1,126
<1%
501-550
6,053
2%
6,847
2%
10,725
3%
451-500
71,232
27%
69,195
21%
76,504
24%
401-450
73,812
27%
86,626
27%
77,447
26%
351-400
72,129
27%
99,623
31%
93,621
29%
301-350
36,112
14%
50,759
16%
49,923
15%
251-300
4,856
2%
7,583
2%
6,225
2%
201-250
1,081
<1%
2,928
<1%
1,986
<1%
151-200
390
<1%
1,239
<1%
731
<1%
101-150
113
<1%
367
<1%
190
<1%
1-100
9
<1%
54
<1%
28
<1%
Total
266,658
100%
326,257
100%
318,828
100%
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of January 09, 2023
As seen in Table 3, among individuals who submitted eligible profiles in 2022, a majority (55%) did not
meet criteria for any additional points at the time of submission. However, this is a gradual reduction
since 2020 (63%) and 2021 (58%), meaning an increasing number of candidates are eligible for at least
one type of additional point.
5
Candidates continued to most often meet criteria for Education in Canada
(23%) and Siblings in Canada (14%) points. The proportion of eligible profiles that received Education
in Canada points has grown more and been higher than other additional point types since 2020. The
12
proportion of candidates in the EE pool who met additional points criteria for having a sibling in Canada,
arranged employment and French-language proficiency
6
remained stable between 2020 and 2022.
Table 2: Eligible profiles submitted to Express Entry by additional point type, 2020-2022
Additional point type
2020 #
2021 #
2021 %
2022 #
No additional points
168,564
190,664
58%
176,777
Arranged employment
18,091
20,927
6%
20,495
Education in Canada
45,530
69,148
21%
74,654
French-language proficiency
12,806
18,140
6%
18,681
Siblings in Canada
33,403
41,618
13%
44,483
Total
266,658
326,257
N/A
318,828
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of January 09, 2023
N/A - Breakdown by category exceeds annual total as candidates may be eligible for multiple additional point
types
As displayed in Table 4, in 2022, a higher number and proportion of men (93,817, 53%) than women
(82,930, 47%) did not meet criteria for any additional points at the time of submitting an eligible profile,
although this gap has diminished somewhat, from 10 percentage points to 6 between 2020 and 2022.
Table 3: Eligible profiles submitted to Express Entry with no additional points by gender, 2020-2022
Gender
2020 #
2020 %
2021 #
2021 %
2022 #
2022 %
Men
92,441
55%
102,930
54%
93,817
53%
Women
76,100
45%
87,703
46%
82,930
47%
Total*
168,564
100%
190,664
100%
176,777
100%
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of January 09, 2023
* Total includes Another gender, Unknown and Unspecified (2020 - 23, 2021 - 31, 2022 - 30)
Tables 5 to 8 further explore additional point breakdowns by gender, and show that Education in Canada
and Siblings in Canada were the most common additional point types for both men and women in 2022.
Similar to the trend seen in 2020 and 2021, a considerably higher proportion of men (66%) than women
(34%) continued to meet the criteria for Arranged Employment in 2022. While there was a higher
proportion of men (53%) who met the criteria for Education in Canada than women (47%) in 2022, the
difference has diminished somewhat since 2020. In regards to additional points for French-language
proficiency, there was a slightly higher proportion of women (52%) who met the criteria than men (48%)
in 2022, compared to an equal distribution (both at 50%) in 2021. In 2022, the proportion of women
(51%) meeting Siblings in Canada criteria slightly exceeded men (49%), a minor shift from previous
years where there was an equal distribution (both at 50%) in 2021, and slightly higher proportion of men
(51%) than women (49%) in 2020. Table 9 displays the CRS score distribution of eligible candidates in
the pool. It can be seen that the CRS scores of eligible candidates in the pool consistently remain
concentrated in the 301-500 range.
Table 4: Eligible profiles submitted to Express Entry with additional points for Arranged Employment
by gender, 2020-2022
Gender
2020 #
2020 %
2021 #
2021 %
2022 #
2022 %
13
Men
12,302
68%
14,008
67%
13,603
66%
Women
5,787
32%
6,918
33%
6,886
34%
Total*
18,091
100%
20,927
100%
20,495
100%
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of February 06, 2023
*Total includes Another gender, Unknown and Unspecified (2020 - 2, 2021 -1, 2022 - 6)
Table 5: Eligible profiles submitted to Express Entry with additional points for Education in Canada by
gender, 2020-2022
Gender
2020 #
2020 %
2021 #
2021 %
2022 #
2022 %
Men
25,766
57%
37,650
54%
39,859
53%
Women
19,753
43%
31,488
46%
34,782
47%
Total*
45,530
100%
69,148
100%
74,654
100%
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of January 09, 2023
*Total includes Another gender, Unknown and Unspecified (2020 - 11, 2021 - 10, 2022 - 13)
Table 6: Eligible profiles submitted to Express Entry with additional points for French-language
proficiency by gender, 2020-2022
Gender
2020 #
2020 %
2021 #
2021 %
2022 #
2022 %
Men
6,474
51%
9,094
50%
8,982
48%
Women
6,332
49%
9,043
50%
9,694
52%
Total*
12,806
100%
18,140
100%
18,681
100%
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of January 09, 2023
*Total includes Another gender, Unknown and Unspecified (2020 - 0, 2021 - 3, 2022 - 5)
Table 7: Eligible profiles submitted to Express Entry with additional points for Sibling in Canada by
gender, 2020-2022
Gender
2020 #
2020 %
2021 #
2021 %
2022 #
2022 %
Men
17,118
51%
20,842
50%
21,933
49%
Women
16,278
49%
20,768
50%
22,544
51%
Total*
33,403
100%
41,618
100%
44,483
100%
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of January 11, 2022
*Total includes Another gender, Unknown and Unspecified (2019 - 8, 2020 - 7, 2021 - 10)
Table 9: Comprehensive Ranking System Score Distribution of Eligible Candidates in the pool, 2020-
2022
CRS Score Range
2020
2021
2022
Number #
Percent %
Number #
Percent %
Number #
Percent %
701-1200
443
<1%
170
<1%
303
<1%
651-700
4
<1%
1
<1%
15
<1%
601-650
1
<1%
5
<1%
68
<1%
14
551-600
13
<1%
12
<1%
451
<1%
501-550
218
<1%
210
<1%
4,451
<1%
451-500
17,471
13%
23,913
16%
46,386
24%
401-450
40,748
30%
45,405
31%
46,389
24%
351-400
47,504
35%
47,796
33%
57,592
30%
301-350
26,969
20%
24,860
17%
31,081
16%
251-300
2,860
2%
2,613
2%
3,898
2%
201-250
479
<1%
424
<1%
1,115
1%
151-200
213
<1%
181
<1%
471
0%
101-150
65
<1%
46
<1%
146
0%
1-100
10
<1%
4
<1%
15
0%
136,998
100%
145,640
100%
192,381
100%
Source: MBR_FACT_EE Pool as of January 09, 2023
Who was invited to apply for permanent
residence through Express Entry?
In 2022, IRCC continued to leverage the flexibility and responsiveness of the EE system to support the
Department in meeting the Government of Canada’s 2021-2023 Immigration Levels Plan. Travel
restrictions throughout most of 2020 and 2021 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic delayed the
processing of overseas applications, which led to significant growth in the FHS immigration programs
processing inventory. To manage the large processing inventory and position IRCC to process existing
applications in a timely manner, the Department temporarily paused EE ITAs to FHS immigration
programs from September 2021 to July 2022, while continuing to issue ITAs to PNP nominees
throughout this period. ITAs to FHS immigration programs resumed once the processing inventory had
fallen to a point where new applications received could be processed within the six month service
standard. As a result, between January and June 2022, IRCC held 13 PNP-specific invitation rounds and
11 generic rounds between July and November 2022. There were no ITA round held in December 2022
due to introduction of NOC 21 followed by technical difficulties in the GCMS system.
As displayed in Table 10, IRCC held 24 ITA rounds and issued 46,539 invitations in 2022, a 59%
decrease from the 114,431 invitations issued in 2021. This reflects the Department’s decision to
temporarily pause ITAs to the FHS immigration programs managed under EE, while only continuing
PNP-specific rounds from September 2021 until July 2022.
Further, as a result of temporary general round invitation pauses, in 2022, the majority of ITAs were
issued to candidates under two programs, 19,258 under PNP and 18,895 under CEC. The remaining
8,386 ITAs were issued to candidates under FSWP and no ITAs were issued under FSTP in 2022. This
demonstrates a difference in distribution from 2021, where only CEC-specific and PNP-specific
invitation rounds were held given Department’s strategy to target CEC- and PNP-eligible candidates,
who were more likely to be physically located in Canada and therefore less impacted by pandemic-
related border restrictions.
15
In terms of candidates invited to apply, CRS cut-off scores in 2022 ranged from 674 to 808 for PNP-
specific rounds (median = 754), and from 491 to 557 for generic rounds (median = 510). The CRS cut-
off scores of generic rounds could be seen to decrease throughout the year as the number of total ITAs
issued per round increased, while the number of total ITAs issued for PNP-specific rounds were
generally more consistent but also saw a similar variation in cut-off scores. All rounds of invitations
were conducted in line with the associated MIs.
Table 10: Invitations to apply issued to candidates by economic immigration program, 2022
Invitation to
apply date
Round
Type*
CRS
cut-off
CEC#
PNP #
FSWP #
FSTP #
Total
ITAs #
2022-01-05
PNP
808
0
392
0
0
392
2022-01-19
PNP
745
0
1,036
0
0
1,036
2022-02-02
PNP
674
0
1,070
0
0
1,070
2022-02-16
PNP
710
0
1,082
0
0
1,082
2022-03-02
PNP
761
0
1,047
0
0
1,047
2022-03-16
PNP
754
0
924
0
0
924
2022-03-30
PNP
785
0
919
0
0
919
2022-04-13
PNP
782
0
787
0
0
787
2022-04-27
PNP
772
0
829
0
0
829
2022-05-11
PNP
753
0
545
0
0
545
2022-05-25
PNP
741
0
590
0
0
590
2022-06-08
PNP
796
0
932
0
0
932
2022-06-22
PNP
752
0
636
0
0
636
2022-07-06
Generic
557
595
700
205
0
1,500
2022-07-20
Generic
542
569
764
417
0
1,750
2022-08-03
Generic
533
928
704
368
0
2,000
2022-08-17
Generic
525
1,103
658
489
0
2,250
2022-08-31
Generic
516
1,398
570
782
0
2,750
2022-09-14
Generic
510
1,975
581
694
0
3,250
2022-09-28
Generic
504
2,108
628
1,014
0
3,750
2022-10-12
Generic
500
2,498
721
1,031
0
4,250
2022-10-26
Generic
496
2,600
996
1,154
0
4,750
2022-11-09
Generic
494
2,421
1,204
1,125
0
4,750
2022-11-23
Generic
491
2,700
943
1,107
0
4,750
Total
18,895
19,258
8,386
0
46,539
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of January 09, 2023
* Round types can be program-specific or general. General rounds refer to rounds where invitations are issued to
all four programs managed under Express Entry.
Overall, when comparing Tables 11 and 12, it can be seen that men received the majority (58%) of
invitations issued in 2022 – similar to the share of eligible profile submissions made by men from total
submissions in that year. When looking at the program type, men were issued higher proportions of
invitation than women in both CEC (42% vs 39%, respectively) and PNP (43% and 39%, respectively).
16
This is a contrast to 2021, where a larger number and proportion of invitations issued to men and women
(both at 87%) were under CEC. Further, while the proportion of invitations to apply issued under the
PNP in 2021 to men and women (both at 13%) were significantly lower than 2022, the number of
invitations issued in both years are comparable. This trend is a reflection of the Department’s temporary
pause on ITAs in the context of ongoing COVID-19 pandemic-related travel restrictions. With the
resumption of general rounds, in contrast to PNP and CEC ITAs, women were issued a higher proportion
(22%) of invitations than men (15%) under the FSWP. There were no invitations issued under the FSTP
in 2022. In 2022, only 1 invitation was issued to a candidate who indicated another gender, an
unspecified gender or unknown. Because of the small counts, the data presented in this section of the
report is not broken down by these gender categories.
Table 11: Invitations to apply issued to candidates by economic immigration program – men, 2020-
2022
Program
2020 #
2020 %
2021 #
2021 %
2022 #
2022 %
CEC
33,932
56%
57,493
87%
11,310
42%
PNP
8,911
15%
8,485
13%
11,675
43%
FSWP
17,888
29%
0
0%
4,112
15%
FSTP
9
0%
0
0%
0
0%
Total
60,740
100%
65,978
100%
27,097
100%
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of January 09, 2023
Table 12: Invitations to apply issued to candidates by economic immigration program – women,
2020-2022
Program
2020 #
2020 %
2021 #
2021 %
2022 #
2022 %
CEC
24,461
52%
42,153
87%
7,584
39%
PNP
5,297
11%
6,293
13%
7,583
39%
FSWP
16,843
36%
0
0%
4,273
22%
FSTP
2
0%
0
0%
0
0%
Total
46,603
100%
48,446
100%
19,440
100%
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of January 09, 2023
Tables 13 to 17 display the socio-demographic characteristics of candidates invited to apply for
permanent residence, and show shifting trends between 2020 and 2022, largely attributable to the
uncommon invitation round strategies over the past couple of years, including focusing on CEC and PNP
eligible candidates in 2020 and 2021 and temporary pauses of general rounds in fall of 2021 and 2022.
In terms of the age of candidates invited to apply, the share of invitations issued to those aged 20-29 (the
age category associated with the highest number of points under the CRS) remained the largest group in
2022 (50%), but experienced a decline from 2021 (64%) and 2020 (63%). Those aged 30-34 represented
the second largest age group and saw the largest proportional increase in 2022 (29%) from 2021 (19%).
Looking at the highest level of education of those invited to apply, in 2022, the largest proportion of
invitations (46%) were issued to candidates with masters and entry-to-practice degrees, over double the
proportion in 2021 (19%). In 2022, this was followed by candidates with post-secondary credential of
three years or longer (40%), which decreased from 2021 (54%). The proportion of candidates with one
or two year post-secondary credential as well as high school or less decreased in 2022 from 2021 and
17
those with PhDs doubled in proportion over the same period. Overall candidates who received ITAs
remained highly educated, with 90% claiming to hold a post-secondary educational credential of at least
three years.
When considering the first official language proficiency of candidates invited to apply, general skill level
slightly increased in 2022, despite a decline from 2020 to 2021. In 2022, the most common Canadian
Language Benchmarks (CLB)/Niveaux de compétence linguistique canadiens (NCLC) level was 9 (33%)
followed by level 10 (21%). These are higher proficiency levels than 2021, where the most common
CLB/NCLC level of candidates invited were 7 (41%) and 8 (22%). In 2020, the most common
CLB/NCLC levels among invited candidates were 9 (35%) and 7 (26%).
Looking at Canadian work experience (Table 16), in 2022, a majority of candidates invited to apply
(62%) had at least one year of eligible Canadian work experience. This is a decline from 2021, where a
significant proportion (92%) of candidates invited to apply had at least one year of eligible Canadian
work experience. This can be attributed to the Department’s ITA strategy in 2021 as 87% (Table 11) of
the ITAs were issued under CEC, a program that requires Canadian work experience. In 2022 (Table
16), 41% of invitations went to candidates with at least one year of eligible Canadian work experience
followed by 35% of invitations being issued to candidates with no Canadian experience. While fewer
candidates with significant foreign work experience were invited to apply in 2021, this shifted in 2022 as
58% (Table 17) of the invited candidates had 3 or more years of foreign work experience.
Table 13: Invitations to apply issued to candidates by age, 2020-2022
Age category
2020 #
2020 %
2021 #
2021 %
2022 #
2022 %
<20
3
0%
9
<1%
0
<1%
20-29
67,933
63%
73,689
64%
23,305
50%
30-34
25,726
24%
21,518
19%
13,721
29%
35-39
9,158
9%
10,870
9%
6,156
13%
40-44
3,011
3%
5,240
5%
2,213
5%
45+
1,518
1%
3,101
3%
1,143
2%
Total *
107,350
100%
114,431
100%
46,539
100%
* Total includes individuals whose age was unconfirmed at the time of invitation
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of January 09, 2023
Table 14: Invitations to apply issued to candidates by highest level of education, 2020-2022
Education level
2020 #
2020 %
2021 #
2021 %
2022 #
2022 %
High school or less
923
1%
3,404
3%
540
1%
One or two year post-secondary
credential
7,552
7%
25,476
22%
4,050
9%
Post-secondary credential of three
years or longer
49,661
46%
61,226
54%
18,588
40%
Master's Degree or entry-to-practice
professional degree
45,521
42%
22,215
19%
21,278
46%
PhD
3,693
3%
2,110
2%
2,083
4%
Total
107,350
100%
114,431
100%
46,539
100%
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of January 09, 2023
18
Table 15: Invitations to apply issued to candidates by first official language proficiency level, 2020-
2022
Table 16: Invitations to apply issued to candidates by amount of Canadian work experience, 2020-
2022
Years of Canadian
work experience
2020 #
2020 %
2021 #
2021 %
2022 #
2022 %
Less than one year
1,895
2%
1,178
1%
1,957
4%
1 year
43,334
40%
74,375
65%
18,986
41%
2 years
17,883
17%
23,465
21%
7,246
16%
3 years
3,035
3%
4,119
4%
1,528
3%
4 years
616
1%
1,021
<1%
480
1%
5 years or more
524
0%
791
<1%
276
<1%
None
40,063
37%
9,482
8%
16,066
35%
Total
107,350
100%
114,431
100%
46,539
100%
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of January 09, 2023
Table 17: Invitations to apply issued to candidates by amount of foreign work experience, 2020-2022
Years of foreign
work experience
2020 #
2020 %
2021 #
2021 %
2022 #
2022 %
No foreign work
experience or less
than one year
33,751
31%
66,344
58%
12,569
27%
1 year
8,310
8%
7,482
7%
3,796
8%
2 years
5,619
5%
5,621
5%
3,267
7%
3 years
18,605
17%
6,661
6%
6,035
13%
4 years
12,227
11%
5,515
5%
4,621
10%
5 years or more
28,838
27%
22,808
20%
16,251
35%
Total
107,350
100%
114,431
100%
46,539
100%
First official language Level
2020 #
2020 %
2021 #
2021 %
2022 #
2022 %
CLB/NCLC 4
18
<1%
31
<1%
7
<1%
CLB/NCLC 5
761
1%
5,161
5%
817
2%
CLB/NCLC 6
2,614
2%
13,551
12%
2,094
4%
CLB/NCLC 7
28,187
26%
47,271
41%
9,444
20%
CLB/NCLC 8
21,453
20%
25,457
22%
8,709
19%
CLB/NCLC 9
37,483
35%
14,959
13%
15,587
33%
CLB/NCLC 10
16,834
16%
8,001
7%
9,881
21%
Total
107,350
100%
114,431
100%
46,539
100%
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of January 09, 2023
19
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of January 09, 2023
Table 18 provides information on (a) invitations issued to candidates who were assigned additional
points in each category and (b) invitations issued to candidates who met relevant criteria for the category
but were not necessarily assigned points.
7
A maximum of 600 total additional points can be assigned
under the CRS, meaning candidates assigned 600 points for a provincial nomination cannot be assigned
other additional points, even if they meet the criteria. For example, in 2022, while 9,538 ITAs were
issued to candidates who met criteria for Arranged Employment points, only 7,350 of these candidates
were assigned the points in their CRS scores. Data are provided for both candidates who met criteria for
and were assigned additional points to facilitate comparison, as well as to reflect the fuller characteristics
of candidates who were invited to apply for permanent residence.
8
In 2022, less than one half of ITAs
(45%) were issued on the basis of human capital attributes alone (i.e., to candidates who did not meet
criteria for any additional points); this figure is up from 28% in 2020 and 14% in 2021.
In 2020, the number of additional points for French-language proficiency were increased. However, in
2021, fewer invitations were sent to candidates who were assigned and met criteria for that points
category; this is likely due to the shift to CEC-specific rounds, as historically, most French-speaking
candidates have been eligible to be invited under the FSWP but not the CEC. In 2022, with the
recommencement of invitations under FSWP, there was a considerable increase in ITAs issued to
French-speaking candidates.
Table 18: Invitations to apply issued to candidates assigned additional points (a) and invitations to
apply issued to candidates that met relevant criteria of additional points (b) -not mutually exclusive,
2020-2022
Additional point type
2020 #
2020 %
2021 #
2021 %
2022 #
2022 %
(a) Assigned additional points
No Additional Points
30,376
28%
16,018
14%
20,933
45%
Provincial Nominee
14,209
13%
14,778
13%
19,258
41%
Arranged Employment
15,453
14%
18,473
16%
7,350
16%
Education in Canada
41,470
39%
67,410
59%
12,625
27%
French-language proficiency
6,157
6%
1,282
1%
6,251
13%
Siblings in Canada
11,105
10%
9,242
8%
4,937
11%
(b) Met criteria for points
No Additional Points
30,376
28%
16,018
14%
8,953
19%
Provincial Nominee
14,209
13%
14,778
13%
19,258
41%
Arranged Employment
17,249
16%
20,299
18%
9,538
20%
Education in Canada
45,548
42%
70,184
61%
19,587
42%
French-language proficiency
7,105
7%
2,517
2%
7,561
16%
Siblings in Canada
12,827
12%
11,551
10%
7,766
17%
Total
107,350
100%
114,431
100%
46,539
100%
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of February 06, 2023
*Please note that candidates can qualify for multiple additional point types. Therefore, the sum of candidates by
additional point type may exceed the total number of candidates issued additional points.
20
Tables 19 to 22 provide information on invitations issued to men and women who met the criteria to
receive each additional point type. Education in Canada (19,587) and Arranged Employment (8,756)
were the most common additional point types for which both men and women met criteria in 2022.
While Education in Canada (11,819) and Arranged Employment (5,676) remained as the most common
additional point type for men, the most common additional type for women was Education in Canada
(7,768) and French-language proficiency (4,029) in 2022. The share of additional points for Arranged
Employment for both genders remained stable over the last three years, with men meeting the criteria at
a higher proportion (65%) than women (35%). There was a slightly higher number of ITAs issued to
men for meeting the criteria for siblings in Canada (52%) than women (48%). While the number of ITAs
issued to both genders were equal in 2020 and 2021, both at 50%, women (53%) met the criteria for
French-language proficiency points at a slightly higher proportion to men (47%) in 2022.
Table 19: Invitations to apply issued to candidates that met the criteria for Arranged Employment
points by gender, 2020-2022
Gender
2020 #
2020 %
2021 #
2021 %
2022 #
2022 %
Men
11,308
66%
13,352
66%
5,676
65%
Women
5,939
34%
6,946
34%
3,080
35%
Total
17,249
100%
20,299
100%
8,756
100%
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of January 09, 2023
Table 20: Invitations to apply issued to candidates that met the criteria for Education in Canada
points by gender, 2020-2022
Gender
2020 #
2020 %
2021 #
2021 %
2022 #
2022 %
Men
25,909
57%
38,903
55%
11,819
60%
Women
19,634
43%
31,275
45%
7,768
40%
Total
45,548
100%
70,184
100%
19,587
100%
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of February 06, 2023
Table 21: Invitations to apply issued to candidates that met the criteria for French-language
proficiency points by gender, 2020-2022
Gender
2020 #
2020 %
2021 #
2021 %
2022 #
2022 %
Men
3,527
50%
1,269
50%
3,531
47%
Women
3,578
50%
1,248
50%
4,029
53%
Total
7,105
100%
2,517
100%
7,561
100%
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of January 09, 2023
Table 22: Invitations to apply issued to candidates that met the criteria for Siblings in Canada points
by gender, 2020-2022
Gender
2020 #
2020 %
2021 #
2021 %
2022 #
2022 %
Men
6,560
51%
6,311
55%
4,010
52%
Women
6,265
49%
5,240
45%
3,756
48%
21
Total
12,827
100%
11,551
100%
7,766
100%
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of January 09, 2023
As seen in Table 23, in 2022, there were significant shifts from previous years in the most common
primary occupations among candidates invited to apply for permanent residency through EE. While in
2021, the shift to CEC- and PNP-specific rounds of invitations resulted in a significantly higher number
of candidates with TEER 2 occupations (i.e., occupations that usually require a college diploma,
including occupations that require apprenticeship training of 2 or more years, or supervisory
occupations), candidates with TEER 1 occupations (occupations that usually require a university degree)
made-up a significant proportion of ITAs in 2022. Similar to 2020, software engineers and designers,
information systems specialists and computer systems developers and programmers, which are related
mainly to the technological field, were the most common occupations and made-up a significant
proportion of the candidates invited to apply through EE in 2022.
Table 23: Most common primary occupations, upon invitation to apply – total, 2020-2022
Primary
Occupation
TEER
2020 #
Primary
Occupation
TEER
2021 #
Primary
Occupation
TEER
2022 #
21231 Software
engineers and
designers
1
6,665
62020 Food
service
supervisors
2
13,097
21231 Software
engineers and
designers
1
3,848
21222
Information
systems
specialists
1
4,846
13200 Customs,
ship and other
brokers
3
6,107
21222
Information
systems
specialists
1
1,889
21230
Computer
systems
developers and
programmers
1
4,661
62010 Retail
sales
supervisors
2
5,020
21230
Computer
systems
developers and
programmers
1
1,855
62020 Food
service
supervisors
2
4,228
21231 Software
engineers and
designers
1
4,916
62020 Food
service
supervisors
2
1,558
13200 Customs,
ship and other
brokers
3
4,104
63200 Cooks
3
4,624
11202
Professional
occupations in
advertising,
marketing and
public relations
1
1,025
11100 Financial
auditors and
accountants
1
2,623
21230
Computer
systems
developers and
programmers
1
3,878
21223 Database
analysts and
data
administrators
1
1,025
13100
Administrative
officers
3
2,366
21222
Information
systems
specialists
1
3,056
41200
University
professors and
lecturers
1
955
11202
Professional
occupations in
advertising,
marketing and
public relations
1
2,327
22221 User
support
technicians
2
3,001
13200 Customs,
ship and other
brokers
3
945
22
12200
Accounting
technicians and
bookkeepers
2
2,128
60030
Restaurant and
food service
managers
0
2,977
11201
Professional
occupations in
business
management
consulting
1
901
62010 Retail
sales
supervisors
2
2,119
13100
Administrative
officers
3
2,723
11100 Financial
auditors and
accountants
1
857
22221 User
support
technicians
2
2,043
12013
Supervisors,
supply chain,
tracking and
scheduling
2
2,539
20012
Computer and
information
systems
managers
0
855
41200
University
professors and
lecturers
1
1,823
60020 Retail
and wholesale
trade managers
0
2,332
22221 User
support
technicians
2
842
21223 Database
analysts and
data
administrators
1
1,767
12200
Accounting
technicians and
bookkeepers
2
2,172
10022
Advertising,
marketing and
public relations
managers
0
812
60020 Retail
and wholesale
trade managers
0
1,699
42202 Early
childhood
educators and
assistants
2
1,650
13100
Administrative
officers
3
800
11201
Professional
occupations in
business
management
consulting
1
1,680
63102 Financial
sales
representatives
3
1,594
63200 Cooks
3
728
Other
62,271
54,835
27,66
4
Total
107,350
Total
114,431
Total
46,539
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of February 06, 2023
TEER Definition
TEER 0: Management occupations examples Advertising, marketing and public relations managers, financial
managers
TEER 1: Occupations that usually require a university degree, examples - Financial advisors, Software engineers
TEER 2: Occupations that usually require a college diploma, including occupations that require apprenticeship
training of 2 or more years, or supervisory occupations
TEER 3: Occupations that usually require, a college diploma, including occupations that require apprenticeship
training of less than 2 years, or more than 6 months of on-the-job training
As seen in Table 24 and 25, there were differences in the 15 most common primary occupations at the
time of invitation for men and women in 2022. While the most common primary occupation at the time
of invitation in 2022 were identical (software engineers and designers), men and women’s other top
occupations differed to some extent. For example, almost half of the primary occupations were shared
although their order of precedence differed. In addition, for women, nine primary occupations were
TEER 1 whereas for men seven occupations were TEER 1.
23
The top 15 occupations amongst men that were not in the top 15 for women include: web developers and
programmers, retail sales supervisors, technical sales specialist- wholesale trade, machinist and
machining and tooling inspectors, senior managers-financial, communications and other business
services, cooks, and other user support technicians. The top 15 occupations amongst women that were
not in the top 15 for men include: customs, ship and other brokers, professional occupations in
advertising, marketing and public relations managers, financial auditors and accountants, accounting
technicians and bookkeepers, and registered nurses and registered psychiatric nurses.
The top four occupations amongst men that were not in the top 15 for women include: user support
technician, cooks, senior managers-financial, communications and public relations managers and
machinists and machining and tooling inspectors. The top four occupations amongst women that are not
in the top 15 for men include: early childhood educators and assistants; accounting technicians and
bookkeepers; professional occupations in advertising, marketing and public relations; and financial sales
representatives.
Table 24: Most common primary occupations, upon invitation to apply – men, 2020-2022
Primary
Occupation
TEER
2020 #
Primary
Occupation
TEER
2021 #
Primary
Occupation
TEER
2022 #
21231 Software
engineers and
designers
1
5,005
62020 Food
service
supervisors
2
5,176
21231 Software
engineers and
designers
1
2,945
21230
Computer
systems
developers and
programmers
1
3,563
21231 Software
engineers and
designers
1
3,806
21230
Computer
systems
developers and
programmers
1
1,402
21222
Information
systems
specialists
1
3,335
63200 Cooks
3
3,119
21222
Information
systems
specialists
1
1,248
62020 Food
service
supervisors
2
1,754
62010 Retail
sales
supervisors
2
3,096
62020 Food
service
supervisors
2
684
22221 User
support
technicians
2
1,350
21230
Computer
systems
developers and
programmers
1
2,992
21223 Database
analysts and
data
administrators
1
662
62010 Retail
sales
supervisors
2
1,269
21222
Information
systems
specialists
1
2,233
20012
Computer and
information
systems
managers
0
624
21301
Mechanical
engineers
1
1,228
22221 User
support
technicians
2
1,949
41200
University
professors and
lecturers
1
554
11100 Financial
auditors and
accountants
1
1,182
12013
Supervisors,
supply chain,
tracking and
scheduling
2
1,830
22221 User
support
technicians
2
528
24
13200 Customs,
ship and other
brokers
3
1,149
13200 Customs,
ship and other
brokers
3
1,748
11201
Professional
occupations in
business
management
consulting
1
471
21223 Database
analysts and
data
administrators
1
1,126
60020 Retail
and wholesale
trade managers
0
1,469
63200 Cooks
3
467
12013
Supervisors,
supply chain,
tracking and
scheduling
2
1,091
60030
Restaurant and
food service
managers
0
1,399
00012 Senior
managers-
financial,
communication
and other
business
services
0
462
60020 Retail
and wholesale
trade managers
0
1,063
72100
Machinists and
machining and
tooling
inspectors
2
1,276
72100
Machinists and
machining and
tooling
inspectors
2
455
20012
Computer and
information
systems
managers
0
1,031
20012
Computer and
information
systems
managers
0
1,073
62100 Technical
sales specialists-
wholesale trade
2
445
41200
University
professors and
lecturers
1
999
72205
Telecommunica
tions
equipment
installation and
cable television
service
2
957
62010 Retail
sales
supervisors
2
435
63200 Cooks
3
958
13100
Administrative
officers
3
946
21234 Web
developers and
programmers
1
424
Other
34,637
32,909
15,291
Total
60,742
Total
65,978
Total
27,097
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of February 06, 2023
Table 25: Most common primary occupations, upon invitation to apply – women, 2020-2022
Primary
Occupation
TEER
2020 #
Primary
Occupation
TEER
2021 #
Primary
Occupation
TEER
2022 #
13200 Customs,
ship and other
brokers
3
2,955
62020 Food
service
supervisors
2
7,921
21231 Software
engineers and
designers
1
903
62020 Food
service
supervisors
2
2,474
13200 Customs,
ship and other
brokers
3
4,267
62020 Food
service
supervisors
2
874
21231 Software
engineers and
designers
1
1,660
62010 Retail
sales
supervisors
2
1,924
13200 Customs,
ship and other
brokers
3
706
25
13100
Administrative
officers
3
1,534
13100
Administrative
officers
3
1,776
21222
Information
systems
specialists
1
641
21222
Information
systems
specialists
1
1,511
42202 Early
childhood
educators and
assistants
2
1,580
11202
Professional
occupations in
advertising,
marketing and
public relations
1
636
11202
Professional
occupations in
advertising,
marketing and
public relations
1
1,463
60030
Restaurant and
food service
managers
0
1,578
13100
Administrative
officers
3
554
11100 Financial
auditors and
accountants
1
1,441
63200 Cooks
3
1,505
42202 Early
childhood
educators and
assistants
2
489
12200
Accounting
technicians and
bookkeepers
2
1,252
12200
Accounting
technicians and
bookkeepers
2
1,381
10022
Advertising,
marketing and
public relations
managers
0
485
21230
Computer
systems
developers and
programmers
1
1,098
21231 Software
engineers and
designers
1
1,110
11100 Financial
auditors and
accountants
1
479
10022
Advertising,
marketing and
public relations
managers
0
885
22221 User
support
technicians
2
1,051
21230
Computer
systems
developers and
programmers
1
453
62010 Retail
sales
supervisors
2
850
11202
Professional
occupations in
advertising,
marketing and
public relations
1
944
11201
Professional
occupations in
business
management
consulting
1
430
41200
University
professors and
lecturers
1
824
21230
Computer
systems
developers and
programmers
1
886
12200
Accounting
technicians and
bookkeepers
2
422
11201
Professional
occupations in
business
management
consulting
1
801
60020 Retail
and wholesale
trade managers
0
863
41200
University
professors and
lecturers
1
999
60030
Restaurant and
food service
managers
0
801
21222
Information
systems
specialists
1
823
31301
Registered
nurses and
registered
psychiatric
nurses
1
385
26
63102 Financial
sales
representative
3
737
63102 Financial
sales
representative
3
799
21223 Database
analysts and
data
administrators
1
363
Other
26,317
20,039
11,220
Total
46,603
Total
48,447
Total
19,441
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of February 06, 2023
Table 26 displays the most common occupations among candidates invited to apply who were assigned
Arranged Employment points. The most common Arranged Employment occupation changed from food
service supervisors (TEER 2) in both 2020 and 2021, to software engineers and designers (TEER 1) in
2022. In 2022, there was an equal distribution among the TEER categories of the top 15 occupations,
including four TEER 0 occupations, four TEER 1 occupations, four TEER 2 occupations and three
TEER 3 occupations.
Table 26: Most common occupations of candidates assigned Arranged Employment points, upon
invitation to apply – total, 2020-2022
Arranged
employment
occupation
TEER
2020 #
Arranged
employment
occupation
TEER
2021 #
Arranged
employment
occupation
TEER
2022 #
62020 Food
service
supervisors
2
1,792
62020 Food
service
supervisors
2
2,863
21231 Software
engineers and
designers
1
1,173
21230
Computer
systems
developers and
programmers
1
1,615
63200 Cooks
3
1,925
21230
Computer
systems
developers and
programmers
1
641
21231 Software
engineers and
designers
1
1,391
21231 Software
engineers and
designers
1
1,272
21222
Information
systems
specialists
1
497
21222
Information
systems
specialists
1
1,005
21230
Computer
systems
developers and
programmers
1
1,246
62020 Food
service
supervisors
2
497
63200 Cooks
3
646
21222
Information
systems
specialists
1
861
41200
University
professors and
lecturers
1
475
13200 Customs,
ship and other
brokers
3
565
62010 Retail
sales
supervisors
2
778
00012 Senior
managers-
financial,
communication
and other
business
services
0
434
41200
University
professors and
lecturers
1
545
13200 Customs,
ship and other
brokers
3
632
00015 Senior
managers-
construction,
transportation,
0
313
27
production and
utilities
20012
Computer and
information
systems
managers
0
542
20012
Computer and
information
systems
managers
0
629
20012
Computer and
information
systems
managers
0
276
62010 Retail
sales
supervisors
2
493
60030
Restaurant and
food service
managers
0
489
13100
Administrative
officers
3
233
13100
Administrative
officers
3
448
13100
Administrative
officers
3
447
13200 Customs,
ship and other
brokers
3
230
00012 Senior
managers-
financial,
communication
and other
business
services
0
444
42202 Early
childhood
educators and
assistants
2
414
63200 Cooks
3
226
60030
Restaurant and
food service
managers
0
434
41200
University
professors and
lecturers
1
358
00014 Senior
managers-
trade,
broadcasting
and other
services
0
213
12200
Accounting
technicians and
bookkeepers
2
271
82030
Agricultural
service
contractors and
farm
supervisors
2
314
52120 Graphic
designers and
illustrators
2
190
52120 Graphic
designers and
illustrators
2
264
62200 Chefs
2
265
42202 Early
childhood
educators and
assistants
2
169
12013
Supervisors,
supply chain,
tracking and
scheduling
coordination
occupations
2
262
52120 Graphic
designers and
illustrators
2
263
12200
Accounting
technicians and
bookkeepers
2
162
Other
6,532
7,534
3,854
Total
17,249
Total
20,299
Total
9,583
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of February 06, 2023
Table 27 and 28 show the most common occupations for candidates with Arranged Employment points
who received ITAs, broken down by gender. The most common occupations among invited men with
Arranged Employment points included more TEER 1 occupations in comparison to their female
counterparts. While women’s top occupation, food service supervisors, remained the same from 2020 to
2022, men’s top occupation shifted from cooks in 2021 to software engineers and designers in 2022. The
top six occupations changed for men from 2021 to 2022 as there was a shift towards a higher number of
28
TEER 1 and TEER 0 occupations. There were also some changes to the order of precedence for the top
six occupations for women from 2021 to 2022 as the proportion of TEERs were equally shared for
TEER 0, 1, 2 and 3.
Table 27: Most common occupations of candidates assigned Arranged Employment points, upon
invitation to apply – men, 2020-2022
Arranged
employment
occupation
TEER
2020 #
Arranged
employment
occupation
TEER
2021 #
Arranged
employment
occupation
TEER
2022 #
21230
Computer
systems
developers and
programmers
1
1,354
63200 Cooks
3
1,295
21231 Software
engineers and
designers
1
975
21231 Software
engineers and
designers
1
1,221
62020 Food
service
supervisors
2
1,172
21230
Computer
systems
developers and
programmers
1
544
21222
Information
systems
specialists
1
841
21231 Software
engineers and
designers
1
1,144
21222
Information
systems
specialists
1
372
62020 Food
service
supervisors
2
748
21230
Computer
systems
developers and
programmers
1
1,091
00012 Senior
managers-
financial,
communication
and other
business
services
0
334
20012
Computer and
information
systems
managers
0
472
21222
Information
systems
specialists
1
720
41200
University
professors and
lecturers
1
287
63200 Cooks
3
419
20012
Computer and
information
systems
managers
0
561
00015 Senior
managers-
construction,
transportation,
production and
utilities
0
248
00012 Senior
managers-
financial,
communication
and other
business
services
0
355
62010 Retail
sales
supervisors
2
527
20012
Computer and
information
systems
managers
0
229
41200
University
professors and
lecturers
1
350
72310
Carpenters
2
248
62020 Food
service
supervisors
2
210
62010 Retail
sales
supervisors
2
323
60030
Restaurant and
food service
managers
0
236
00014 Senior
managers-
trade,
broadcasting
0
150
29
and other
services
00015 Senior
managers-
construction,
transportation,
production and
utilities
0
214
62200 Chefs
2
229
63200 Cooks
3
130
12013
Supervisors,
supply chain,
tracking and
scheduling
2
200
82030
Agricultural
service
contractors and
farm
supervisors
2
229
52120 Graphic
designers and
illustrators
2
126
60030
Restaurant and
food service
managers
0
196
13200 Customs,
ship and other
brokers
3
211
62010 Retail
sales
supervisors
2
121
13200 Customs,
ship and other
brokers
3
189
41200
University
professors and
lecturers
1
207
21223 Database
analysts and
data
administrators
1
113
52120 Graphic
designers and
illustrators
2
174
52120 Graphic
designers and
illustrators
2
191
60030
Restaurant and
food service
managers
0
75
00014 Senior
managers-
trade,
broadcasting
and other
services
0
162
12013
Supervisors,
supply chain,
tracking and
scheduling
coordination
occupations
2
187
21234 Web
developers and
programmers
1
71
Other
4,091
5,103
2,211
Total
11,309
Total
13,351
Total
6,196
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of February 06, 2023
Table 28: Most common Arranged Employment occupations, upon invitation to apply – women,
2020- 2022
Arranged
employment
occupation
TEER
2020 #
Arranged
employment
occupation
TEER
2021 #
Arranged
employment
occupation
TEER
2022 #
62020 Food
service
supervisors
2
1,044
62020 Food
service
supervisors
2
1,691
62020 Food
service
supervisors
2
287
13200 Customs,
ship and other
brokers
3
376
63200 Cooks
3
630
21231 Software
engineers and
designers
1
198
13100
Administrative
officers
3
298
13200 Customs,
ship and other
brokers
3
420
41200
University
professors and
lecturers
1
188
21230
Computer
systems
1
261
42202 Early
childhood
2
403
13200 Customs,
ship and other
brokers
3
172
30
developers and
programmers
educators and
assistants
42202 Early
childhood
educators and
assistants
2
242
13100
Administrative
officers
3
279
13100
Administrative
officers
3
164
60030
Restaurant and
food service
managers
0
238
60030
Restaurant and
food service
managers
0
262
42202 Early
childhood
educators and
assistants
2
163
63200 Cooks
3
227
62010 Retail
sales
supervisors
2
251
21222
Information
systems
specialists
1
125
41200
University
professors and
lecturers
1
195
21230
Computer
systems
developers and
programmers
1
155
12200
Accounting
technicians and
bookkeepers
2
103
21231 Software
engineers and
designers
1
170
41200
University
professors and
lecturers
1
151
00012 Senior
managers-
financial,
communication
and other
business
services
0
100
62010 Retail
sales
supervisors
2
170
12200
Accounting
technicians and
bookkeepers
2
146
21230
Computer
systems
developers and
programmers
1
97
12200
Accounting
technicians and
bookkeepers
2
168
21222
Information
systems
specialists
1
141
63200 Cooks
3
96
21222
Information
systems
specialists
1
164
21231 Software
engineers and
designers
1
128
00015 Senior
managers-
construction,
transportation,
production and
utilities
0
65
52120 Graphic
designers and
illustrators
2
90
63202 Bakers
3
100
52120 Graphic
designers and
illustrators
2
64
00012 Senior
managers-
financial,
communication
and other
business
services
0
88
42204 Religion
workers
2
94
60030
Restaurant and
food service
managers
0
64
11202
Professional
occupations in
advertising,
marketing and
public relations
1
81
82030
Agricultural
service
contractors and
farm
supervisors
2
85
00014 Senior
managers-
trade,
broadcasting
and other
services
0
63
31
Other
2,171
2,011
1,438
Total
5,983
Total
6,947
Total
3,387
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of February 06, 2023
Table 29 shows that the three most common countries of residence among candidates who received an
ITA remained the same from 2021 to 2022. While Canada has consistently been the top country of
residence of candidates who receive an ITA, the proportion of ITAs issued to this group decreased from
90% in 2021 to 68% in 2022, reflecting the resumption of general invitation rounds following a focus on
CEC-specific rounds. Over the same period, the proportion of invited candidates who indicated India as
their country of residence increased from 3% in 2021 to 8% in 2022, and the share of invited candidates
residing in Nigeria increased from 1% (2021) to 4% in 2022.
Table 29: Most common countries of residence among candidates who received an invitation to
apply – total, 2020-2022
Country of
Residence
2020 #
Country of
residence
2021 #
Country of
residence
2022 #
Canada
68,061
Canada
102,906
Canada
31,486
India
11,031
India
3,772
India
3,787
USA
7,228
Nigeria
1,393
Nigeria
1,730
Nigeria
3,939
USA
851
Cameroon
1,063
UAE
1,462
China
716
USA
842
Pakistan
1,249
UAE
463
Morocco
793
Australia
1,051
UK and Overseas
Territories
379
UAE
683
China
985
Pakistan
265
Lebanon
559
UK and Overseas
Territories
923
Morocco
232
Algeria
550
Lebanon
896
Lebanon
199
France
381
Other
10,525
Other
3,255
Other
4,665
Total
107,350
Total
114,431
Total
46,539
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of January 09, 2023
As displayed in Tables 30 and 31, the most common countries of residence were the same for both men
and women in 2021 and 2022. In 2022, a smaller proportion of women (61%) than men (72%) indicated
Canada as their country of residence.
Table 30: Most common countries of residence among candidates who received an invitation to
apply – men, 2020-2022
Country of
Residence
2020 #
Country of
residence
2021 #
Country of
residence
2022 #
Canada
40,282
Canada
59,758
Canada
19,539
India
5,660
India
2,140
India
2,001
USA
4,519
Nigeria
600
Nigeria
689
Nigeria
1,494
USA
578
USA
504
32
Pakistan
725
China
289
Cameroon
481
UAE
722
UAE
248
Morocco
372
Australia
601
UK and Overseas
Territories
219
UAE
336
UK and Overseas
Territories
510
Pakistan
169
Algeria
241
China
434
Morocco
121
France
215
Morocco
419
Australia
102
Pakistan
207
Other
5,374
Other
1,754
Other
2,512
Total
60,740
Total
65,978
Total
27,097
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of January 09, 2023
Table 31: Most common countries of residence among candidates who received an invitation to
apply – women, 2020-2022
Country of
residence
2020 #
Country of
residence
2021 #
Country of residence
2022 #
Canada
27,773
Canada
43,141
Canada
11,946
India
5,370
India
1,632
India
1,786
USA
2,709
Nigeria
793
Nigeria
1,041
Nigeria
2,445
China
427
Cameroon
582
UAE
740
USA
273
Morocco
421
China
551
UAE
215
Lebanon
359
Lebanon
529
UK and Overseas Territories
160
UAE
347
Pakistan
524
Lebanon
127
USA
338
Australia
450
Morocco
111
Algeria
309
Cameroon
443
Pakistan
96
UK and Overseas Territories
183
Other
5,069
Other
1,471
Other
2,128
Total
46,603
Total
48,446
Total
19,440
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of January 09, 2023
As displayed in Table 32, the top two countries of citizenship among candidates who received an ITA
changed from India and China in 2020 and 2021, to India and Nigeria in 2022. While India remained the
most common country of citizenship by a significant and growing margin (from 47% in 2020 to 57% in
2021), the margin (44%) decreased in 2022. India and the People’s Republic of China remained in the
top three countries of citizenship since 2020, Nigeria moved up from being the fourth most common
country of citizenship in 2021 to being second in 2022. Looking at the top 10 most common countries of
citizenship among candidates who received an ITA, notable changes from 2021 to 2022 include: South
Korea, Ireland, Vietnam, UK and Overseas Territories and Brazil falling out of the top 10 from 2021 to
2022; Pakistan, USA, Morocco, France, and Cameroon entered among the top 10 most common
countries of citizenship in 2022; the People’s Republic of China dropped from second to third most
common country of citizenship; and Iran moved from eighth to fifth most common country of
citizenship. From 2021 to 2022, the proportion of citizenships outside the top 10 (i.e. “Other in Table 32)
increased from 18% in 2021 to 28% in 2022, indicating that the citizenship profile of invited candidates
is becoming more diverse.
33
Table 32: Most common country of citizenship among candidates who received an invitation to
apply– total, 2020-2022
Country of citizenship
2020 #
Country of citizenship
2021 #
Country of
citizenship
2022 #
India
50,920
India
65,565
India
20,769
China
8,944
China
9,590
Nigeria
2,909
Nigeria
6,549
South Korea
3,131
China
2,456
Pakistan
2,823
Nigeria
3,126
Cameroon
1,218
UK and Overseas
Territories
2,712
Brazil
2,880
Iran
1,210
Brazil
2,446
Philippines
2,428
France
1,069
Iran
1,935
UK and Overseas
Territories
2,306
Morocco
978
South Korea
1,652
Iran
1,701
USA
939
USA
1,641
Vietnam
1,514
Philippines
934
Ireland
1,564
Ireland
1,351
Pakistan
923
Other
26,164
Other
20,839
Other
13,134
Total
107,350
Total
114,431
Total
46,539
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of January 09, 2023
Tables 33 and 34 look at the gender breakdown of most common country of citizenship among
candidates who received ITAs. They show that India, the People’s Republic of China, and Nigeria were
the most common countries of citizenship for both men and women who were invited to apply for
permanent residence in 2022. Men with Indian citizenship (49%) continued to have a greater proportion
of ITAs then women (38%), even though these proportions decreased when compared to 2021. Women
with Chinese citizenship (6%) and Nigerian citizenship (8%) had a slightly larger proportion of ITAs
issued than men with Chinese (4.5%) and Nigerian (4.5%) citizenship. There were some differences in
the top 10 countries amongst men and women in 2022. For example, Pakistan, UK and Overseas
Territories and Brazil were in the top 10 countries for men, but not women, while Morocco, Lebanon
and Philippines were in the top 10 countries for women, but not men.
Table 33: Most common country of citizenship among candidates who received an invitation to
apply– men, 2020-2022
Country of citizenship
2020 #
Country of citizenship
2021 #
Country of citizenship
2022 #
India
31,857
India
39,990
India
13,323
China
3,746
China
4,235
Nigeria
1,275
Nigeria
2,815
Brazil
1,753
China
1,218
Pakistan
1,905
Nigeria
1,560
Iran
717
UK and Overseas
Territories
1,641
UK and Overseas
Territories
1,437
Pakistan
633
Brazil
1,423
South Korea
1,339
Cameroon
563
Iran
1,129
Iran
1,030
France
559
Ireland
950
Philippines
1,014
UK and Overseas
Territories
543
34
USA
909
Pakistan
883
Brazil
540
France
853
Ireland
798
USA
526
Other
13,512
Other
11,939
Other
7,200
Total
60,740
Total
65,978
Total
27,097
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of January 09, 2023
Table 34: Most common country of citizenship among candidates who received an invitation to
apply– women, 2020-2022
Country of citizenship
2020 #
Country of citizenship
2021 #
Country of
citizenship
2022 #
India
19,059
India
25,574
India
7,446
China
5,197
China
5,353
Nigeria
1,634
Nigeria
3,734
South Korea
1,792
China
1,238
UK and Overseas Territories
1,071
Nigeria
1,566
Cameroon
655
Brazil
1,023
Philippines
1,414
Philippines
539
South Korea
1,010
Brazil
1,127
Lebanon
510
Pakistan
918
UK and Overseas Territories
869
France
509
Iran
806
Vietnam
848
Morocco
501
Philippines
776
Iran
671
Iran
493
USA
732
Ireland
553
USA
413
Other
12,277
Other
8,679
Other
5,502
Total
46,603
Total
48,446
Total
19,440
Source: MBR_FACT_EE_MAIN as of January 09, 2023
Who applied for permanent residence through
Express Entry?
Excluding accompanying family members (i.e., considering only principal applicants), total applications
sourced through the EE in 2022 (102,138) remained similar to 2021 (102,452), as seen in Table 35. The
proportion of the applications remained the same over the last three years between men and women, with
a greater distribution of applications submitted by men (57%) than women (43%). As Table 35 displays,
there were some differences in the breakdown of application by program between men and women. The
proportion of applications submitted by men under CEC (58%) was higher than those submitted by
women (42%) for all three years. The same trend was seen for the PNP under EE with more applications
being made by men (57%) compared to applications submitted by women (43%) for the last two years.
On the other hand, women (53%) submitted higher proportion of application for FSWP than men (47%)
in the last two years. Among the women, the most popular economic immigration programs through
Express Entry was FSWP (53%), while for men, it was divided among CEC (58%) and PNP (57%) in
2022.
35
Table 35: Applications (principal applicants) to economic immigration programs through Express
Entry by gender, 2020-2022
Economic immigration
program applications
2020 #
2020 %
2021 #
2021 %
2022 #
2022%
Men
CEC
24,492
58%
47,280
58%
7,385
58%
FSWP
10,781
52%
3,900
47%
2,265
47%
PNP
8,106
62%
7,250
57%
10,765
57%
FSTP
130
77%
3
100%
0
0%
Total
43,509
57%
58,433
57%
20,415
57%
Women
CEC
17,495
42%
34,271
42%
4,933
42%
FSWP
9,973
48%
4,344
53%
2,547
53%
PNP
4,923
38%
5,402
43%
7,166
43%
FSTP
39
23%
0
0%
0
0%
Total
32,430
43%
44,017
43%
14,646
43%
CEC
41,989
100%
81,552
100%
81,302
100%
FSWP
20,754
100%
8,245
100%
8,189
100%
PNP
13,029
100%
12,652
100%
12,647
100%
FSTP
169
100%
3
100%
0
0%
Total
75,941
100%
102,452
100%
102,138
100%
*Please note that there was no data in 2022 under the 'Skilled Trades (EE)' Immigration Category
Data source: COGNOS (MBR) extracted as of February 2, 2023
Data compiled by: OPP-DART-2023-19940
Total includes Another gender, Unknown and Unspecified (2019 - 1, 2020 - 2, 2021 - 2).
As displayed in Table 36, in 2022, Ontario (48%) remained the most popular province in followed by
British Columbia (20%), and Alberta (12%). These have been the top provinces of destination over the
past three years. Nevertheless, there was a significant decline in the proportions of applications received
through EE destined for Ontario, from 61% in 2021 to 48% in 2022, and British Columbia from 23% to
20% over the same period. This difference can be attributed to the fact that only CEC focused rounds
were held in 2021 with CEC applicants being more likely -historically- to be destined to Ontario and
British Columbia than other provinces. Hence, CEC-only rounds in 2021 increased the number and
proportion of applications received through Express Entry with Ontario and British Columbia being the
province of destination.
Table 36: Applications received through Express Entry by Province/Territory of destination, principal
applicants, 2020-2022
Province of destination
2020 #
2020%
2021 #
2021%
2022 #
2022%
Alberta
5,725
8%
7,613
7%
4,372
12%
36
British Columbia
15,976
21%
23,365
23%
6,966
20%
Manitoba
1,360
2%
1,784
2%
2,046
6%
New Brunswick
778
1%
1,348
1%
872
2%
Newfoundland and Labrador
155
0%
259
0%
308
1%
Nova Scotia
1,564
2%
2,912
3%
1,786
5%
Northwest Territories
25
0%
58
0%
32
0%
Nunavut
10
0%
9
0%
7
0%
Ontario
47,765
63%
62,175
61%
16,978
48%
Prince Edward Island
425
1%
720
1%
393
1%
Saskatchewan
1,937
3%
1,819
2%
1,263
4%
Yukon
38
0%
90
0%
39
0%
Grand Total
75,758
100%
102,152
100%
35,062
100%
Data source: COGNOS (MBR) extracted as of February 2, 2023
Data compiled by: OPP-DART-2023-19940
How long did it take to process Express Entry
applications?
Table 37 displays the time, in months, that IRCC took to process 80% of applications under each
program. In 2022, IRCC did not meet the processing standard of finalizing 80% of all applications
sourced via EE within six months. There was a significant increase in overall processing time with 80%
of all applications being processed in 21 months, reflecting the COVID-19 pandemic’s ongoing impact
on IRCC’s operations and processing capacity. The processing times for all EE programs except for PNP
increased from 2021 to 2022.
Table 37: Processing times* of Express Entry applications finalized by economic immigration
program, in months, 2020-2022
Immigration Category
2020 (months)
2021 (months)
2022 (months)
CEC
8
6
19
FSWP
18
28
29
PNP
11
21
13
FSTP
--
23
63
All Programs
10
8
21
*Processing times refer to the time it took for 80% of applications to be finalized by IRCC. Processing times are
based on July 1 to December 31 of each Year. Please note that a minimum of 10 cases are required to calculate
processing times.
Data source: COGNOS (MBR) extracted as of February 2, 2023
Data compiled by: OPP-DART-2023-19940
37
Who was admitted through Express Entry and
where is their intended destination?
As seen in Table 38, in 2022, 116,228 principal applicants and their accompanying family members
were admitted into Canada as permanent residents through EE. By comparison, 155,851 principal
applicants and their accompanying family members were admitted in 2021 and 63,891 in 2020. The
admissions were lower in 2022 when compared to 2021 due to IRCC’s temporary pause of invitation
rounds.
In 2022, 24% of EE-sourced admissions were through CEC, a significant decrease from 84% of EE-
sourced in 2021, as CEC-specific rounds were held in 2021 but not 2022. Additionally, in 2022,
admissions under the PNP (40%) saw a considerable increase from 2021 and 2020 to becoming the main
source of admissions, as only PNP-specific rounds were held for the first half of 2022. Individuals
admitted under FSWP also saw a considerable increase from 5% in 2021 to 35% in 2022 as general
invitation rounds resumed FSTP admissions remained stable at under 1% over the same time period.
Table 38: Admissions (total persons) through Express Entry by economic immigration program, 2020-
2022
Immigration Category
2020 #
2020%
2021 #
2021%
2022 #
2022%
CEC
24,971
39%
130,465
84%
28,327
24%
PNP
14,098
22%
16,720
11%
46,669
40%
FSTP
565
1%
500
0%
450
0%
FSWP
24,257
38%
8,166
5%
40,782
35%
Total
63,891
155,851
116,228
Source: IRCC, CDO, Permanent Residents, December 31, 2022
As displayed in Tables 39 and 40, the pattern of principal applicant admissions by programs differed in
2022 from what was seen in 2020 and 2021 as CEC no longer accounted for the vast majority of
admissions. This shows a gradual return to a more balanced distribution of admissions as general
invitation rounds resumed following an emphasis on program specific rounds as a mitigation measure for
COVID-19 pandemic related impacts. In 2022, male principal applicants were most often admitted under
the PNP (36%), and least often admitted under the FSTP (0.4%). On the other hand, women principal
applicants were most often admitted under FSWP (42%) and least under FSTP (0.1%) in 2022. In 2022,
there were no principal applicants who indicated another gender, an unspecified gender or unknown
were admitted to Canada.
Table 39: Admissions (principal applicant) through Express Entry by economic immigration program –
men, 2020-2022
Immigration Category
2020 #
2020%
2021 #
2021%
2022 #
2022%
CEC
10,681
47%
54,909
87%
9,726
30%
PNP
4,499
20%
5,399
9%
11,789
36%
FSTP
214
<1%
232
<1%
14
<1%
FSWP
7,452
33%
2,483
4%
11,281
34%
Total
22,846
63,023
32,939
38
Source: IRCC, CDO, Permanent Residents, December 31, 2022
Table 40: Admissions (principal applicant) through Express Entry by economic immigration program –
women, 2020-2022
Immigration Category
2020 #
2022%
2021 #
2021%
2022 #
2022%
CEC
7,373
45%
39,391
88%
7,067
25%
PNP
2,738
17%
3,087
7%
8,954
32%
FSTP
61
<1%
83
<1%
38
<1%
FSWP
6,309
38%
2,152
5%
11,782
42%
Total
16,481
44,713
27,841
Source: IRCC, CDO, Permanent Residents, December 31, 2022
As reported in Table 41, India has remained, by a large margin, the most common country of citizenship
among principal applicants and their accompanying family members admitted to Canada through EE.
The proportion of individuals admitted through EE who held Nigerian citizenship increased from 6% in
2020 to 12% in 2022, while the proportion of Chinese nationals slightly decreased from 7% in 2020 to
4% in 2022. In 2022, Cameroon, Lebanon, Morocco, Algeria and Bangladesh made it to the list of top 15
most common countries of citizenship of admitted individuals through EE. On the other hand, Ireland,
France, Mexico, Vietnam and Ukraine, which were countries listed among the top 15 most common
countries of citizenship in 2021, fell from the list in 2022.
Table 41: Admissions (total persons) through Express Entry by most common countries of citizenship,
2020-2022
Country of
Citizenship
2020 #
2020%
2021 #
2021%
2022 #
2022%
India
27,642
43%
India
82,956
53%
India
53,663
46%
China
4,318
7%
China
11,706
8%
Nigeria
13,757
12%
Nigeria
3,920
6%
Nigeria
5,801
4%
China
4,407
4%
USA
2,346
4%
Brazil
5,650
4%
Pakistan
4,001
3%
Pakistan
2,294
4%
USA
4,281
3%
USA
2,820
2%
Brazil
1,961
3%
South Korea
3,851
2%
Cameroon
2,352
2%
UK - British
citizen
1,652
3%
UK - British
citizen
3,474
2%
Philippines
2,235
2%
Iran
1,133
2%
Philippines
2,938
2%
Lebanon
2,219
2%
South Korea
1,041
2%
Iran
2,384
2%
Morocco
2,046
2%
France
1,039
2%
Ireland
2,101
1%
Iran
2,022
2%
Morocco
970
2%
France
1,706
1%
Brazil
1,838
2%
Philippines
821
1%
Pakistan
1,686
1%
Algeria
1,537
1%
Ireland
707
1%
Mexico
1,662
1%
UK - British
citizen
1,510
1%
Bangladesh
646
1%
Vietnam
1,619
1%
Bangladesh
1,420
1%
39
South Africa
646
1%
Ukraine
1,408
1%
South Korea
1,344
1%
Top 15
Countries
Total
51,136
80%
133,223
85%
97,171
84%
Other
12,755
20%
22,628
15%
19,057
16%
Total
63,891
155,851
116,228
Source: IRCC, CDO, Permanent Residents, December 31, 2022 Data
Similar to the pattern observed at the application stage, and as in 2020 and 2021, the majority of persons
admitted in 2022 were destined for Ontario followed by British Columbia and Alberta, as seen in Table
42. Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Manitoba and Saskatchewan have also been seeing a notable increase
in the number of admission since 2020.
Table 42: Admissions (total persons) through Express Entry by Province/Territory of destination,
2020-2022
Province/Territory
2020 #
2021 #
2022 #
Newfoundland and Labrador
159
332
547
Prince Edward Island
445
875
613
Nova Scotia
1,554
3,157
5,293
New Brunswick
820
1,394
3,724
Ontario
37,506
96,561
60,194
Manitoba
1,516
2,801
5,839
Saskatchewan
1,249
2,716
6,751
Alberta
7,001
12,090
13,140
British Columbia
13,575
35,738
19,974
Yukon
30
102
83
Northwest Territories
30
72
55
Nunavut
6
13
15
Total
63,891
155,851
116,228
Source: IRCC, CDO, Permanent Residents, December 31, 2022 Data
The concentration of admitted individuals destined for Ontario was considerably less pronounced among
the individuals who were selected through the PNP (Table 43), compared to those who were admitted
through the FSWP, the CEC, and the FSTP (Table 44). On the other hand, Atlantic provinces (i.e.
Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick) have a greater
number of admitted individuals through the PNP than through the FSWP, the CEC and FSTP in 2022.
Table 43: Admissions (total persons) through the Provincial Nominee Program in Express Entry by
Province/Territory* of destination, 2020-2022
Province/Territory
2020 #
2021 #
2022 #
Newfoundland and Labrador
65
34
428
Prince Edward Island
405
388
494
40
Nova Scotia
1,218
1,443
4,592
New Brunswick
540
715
3,159
Ontario
2,767
3,898
12,328
Manitoba
869
1,474
4,983
Saskatchewan
803
1,439
6,136
Alberta
2,900
2,583
6,656
British Columbia
4,512
4,718
7,838
Yukon
12
12
27
Northwest Territories
7
16
28
Total
14,098
16,720
46,669
Source: IRCC, CDO, Permanent Residents, December 31, 2022 Data
*Quebec and Nunavut do not operate Provincial Nominee Programs
Table 44: Admissions (total persons) through the Federal High Skilled by Province/Territory of
destination, 2020-2022
Province
2020 #
2021 #
2022 #
Newfoundland and Labrador
94
298
119
Prince Edward Island
40
487
119
Nova Scotia
336
1,714
701
New Brunswick
280
679
565
Ontario
34,739
92,663
47,866
Manitoba
647
1,327
856
Saskatchewan
446
1,277
615
Alberta
4,101
9,507
6,484
British Columbia
9,063
31,020
12,136
Yukon
18
90
56
Northwest Territories
23
56
27
Nunavut
6
13
15
Total
49,793
139,131
69,559
Source: IRCC, CDO, Permanent Residents, December 31, 2022 Data
What were the economic outcomes of applicants?
Figure 2 demonstrates the median employment earnings for EE Federal High Skilled principal applicants
with the earliest cohort being admitted to Canada the same year as the EE system launch, in 2015, and
the Canadian median employment earnings. As seen, there is a generally positive trend line for all EE
Federal High Skilled admission cohorts for most years, meaning an annual increase in employment
earnings. At one year since being admitted to Canada, applicants in the 2016 admission cohort had
median employment earnings of $56,500 in 2017 which reached $70,200 at four years since admission in
2020. Those who were admitted in 2017 had median employment earnings of $53,200 at one year since
admission in 2018 and reached a high of $65,100 at three years since admission in 2020. Following a
41
similar pattern, those who were admitted in 2018 had median employment earnings of $53,400 at one
year since being admitted to Canada in 2019 which increased to $61,600 at two years since admission in
2020. Applicants in the 2019 admission cohort had median employment earnings of $50,500 at one year
since admission in 2020 which is slightly lower than the median employment earnings at one year since
admission for the 2016, 2017 and 2018 admission cohorts. COVID-19 and the associated impacts on the
labour market may be the potential cause of the difference in the median employment earnings at one
year since admission for the 2019 admission cohort. When compared to the Canadian median
employment earnings, all EE admission cohorts have a significantly higher median employment
earnings.
Moreover, the 2015 admission cohort follows a different trajectory than subsequent cohorts. The 2015
admission cohort had a slightly lower starting median employment earnings of $47,300 at one year since
admission in 2016 than the other four admission cohorts. The median employment earnings increased to
$57,800 at four years since admission in 2019 before slightly decreasing to $56,800 at five years since
admission in 2020. This can be attributed to the differences in the characteristics of the 2015 cohort due
to EE system changes since its launch – including a growing profile pool and number of admissions,
different requirements and updates to the CRS grid (reduction of Arranged Employment points from 600
to 200 or 50 points and new additional point types such as French-language proficiency, Siblings in
Canada, and Education in Canada). For example, in 2015, IRCC received 21,562 applications for
permanent residence through EE in all programs, resulting in a small admission cohort of 9,739
applicants. Furthermore, in the early years of EE, candidates were required to register with Job Bank and
600 additional points were granted for Arranged Employment in any occupation, which has since
changed to 200 or 50 points depending on the NOC TEER category. Candidates working as Food
Service Supervisors or Cooks, which generally have a lower pay range than current top occupations in
EE, were the largest group of invited candidates in 2015, and were the most likely group to have an
arranged employment than the other top occupation groups in 2015.
Figure 2: Median employment earnings for Federal High Skilled by admission cohort
and Canadians, 2016-2020
Source: IMDB, 2020 update and Statistics Canada,2022. Table 11-10-0004-01 Selected characteristics of tax filers
and dependants, income and demographics (final T1 Family File)
Text version:
$30,000
$35,000
$40,000
$45,000
$50,000
$55,000
$60,000
$65,000
$70,000
$75,000
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Median Employment Income
Taxfiling Year
2015, admission year
2016, admission year
2017, admission year
2018, admission year
2019, admission year
Canadian
42
Median employment earnings for Federal High Skilled immigrants by admission year cohort and
Canadians, 2016-2020
For the 2015 cohort, median employment income was $47,300 at one year since admission in 2016, $52,200 at
two years since admission in 2017, $55,500 at three years since admission in 2018, $57,800 at four years since
admission in 2019, and $56,800 at five years since admission in 2020. For the 2016 cohort, median employment
income was $56,500 at one year since admission in 2017, $63,100 at two years since admission in 2018, $67,600
at three years since admission in 2019, $70, 200 at four years since admission in 2020. For the 2017 cohort,
median employment income was $53,200 at one year since admission in 2018, $60,500 at two years since
admission in 2019, $65,100 at three years since admission in 2020.
For the 2018 cohort, median employment income was $53,400 at one year since admission in 2019, $61,600 at
two years since admission in 2020. For the 2019 cohort, median employment income was $50,500 at one year
since admission in 2020. The Canadian median employment income was $34,050 in 2016, $ 35,000 in 2017, $
36,300 in 2018, $ 36, 960 in 2019 and $ 37, 080 in 2020.
As Figure 3 displays, the median employment earnings for PNP admission cohorts were fairly similar to
one another at one year since admission with the median employment earnings in mid-to-high $40,000
range. It was seen that 2015, 2016 and 2017 admission cohorts had somewhat similar median
employment earnings at three years since admission, ranging from $58,800 for the 2015 cohort to
$62,100 for the 2017 cohort. Of those in the 2016 cohort, median employment earnings was $65,400 at
four years since admission in 2020. At five years since admission, principal applicants admitted to
Canada in 2015 had median employment earnings of $64,800 in 2020. Those admitted under PNP in
2015 had a slightly higher median employment earnings than those admitted under FHS programs in EE.
However, in years 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 candidates admitted through the PNP had lower median
employment earnings than those admitted under FHS programs in EE. On the other hand, when
compared to the Canadian median employment earnings, PNP admission cohorts under EE have a
significantly higher median employment earnings.
Figure 3: Median employment earnings for Provincial Nominees admitted under EE by
admission cohort and Canadians, 2016-2020
Source: IMDB, 2020 update and Statistics Canada,2022. Table 11-10-0004-01 Selected characteristics of tax filers
and dependants, income and demographics (final T1 Family File)
Text version:
$30,000
$35,000
$40,000
$45,000
$50,000
$55,000
$60,000
$65,000
$70,000
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Median Employment
Income
Taxfiling Year
2015, admission year
2016, admission year
2017, admission year
2018, admission year
2019, admission year
Canadian
43
Median employment earnings for Provincial Nominees admitted under EE by admission year cohort and
Canadians, 2016-2020
For the 2015 cohort, median employment income was $45,100 at one year since admission in 2016, $53,700 at
two years since admission in 2017, $58,800 at three years since admission in 2018, $60,300 at four years since
admission in 2019, and $64,800 at five years since admission in 2020. For the 2016 cohort, median employment
income was $46,300 at one year since admission in 2017, $53,700 at two years since admission in 2018, $59,600
at three years since admission in 2019, $65, 400 at four years since admission in 2020. For the 2017 cohort,
median employment income was $48,500 at one year since admission in 2018, $56,900 at two years since
admission in 2019, $62,100 at three years since admission in 2020. For the 2018 cohort, median employment
income was $46,300 at one year since admission in 2019, $52,700 at two years since admission in 2020. For the
2019 cohort, median employment income was $43,400 at one year since admission in 2020. The Canadian
median employment income was $34,050 in 2016, $ 35,000 in 2017, $ 36,300 in 2018, $ 36, 960 in 2019 and $ 37,
080 in 2020.
Table 45 demonstrates the median employment earnings two years after admission by Education in
Canada attribute for the 2017 and 2018 admission cohort. Applicants admitted to Canada in 2018 who
had three years or more post-secondary credential ($65,600) had a slightly higher median employment
earnings than those admitted in 2017 ($63,100). On the other hand, applicants admitted to Canada in
2017 had a slightly higher median employment earnings than the 2018 admission cohort in the other
Education in Canada attributes. Applicants who had three years or more post-secondary credential in the
2018 admission cohort had a slightly higher median employment ($65,600) earnings two years after
admission in Canada in comparison to other Education in Canada attributes. On the other hand,
applicants admitted to Canada in 2017 without Canadian a post-secondary credential ($65,300) had a
slightly higher median employment earnings when compared to other Education in Canada attributes, as
candidates who obtain points for their Education in Canada often pursue further studies after receiving
PR.
Table 45: Median Employment Earnings (2020$) 2 years after admission by Education in Canada
attribute (i.e. including PNP)
1- or 2-year
post-secondary
credential
3 years or more
post-secondary
credential
Without Canadian
Post-secondary
credential
Not applicable*
2017, admission year
$49,000
$63,100
$65,300
$61,800
2018, admission year
$47,700
$65,600
$62,700
$60,400
*Invited to apply prior Education in Canada factor introduction.
Source: IMDB, 2020 update
Although the Arranged Employment additional points were reduced from 600 points to 50 or 200 points
in November 2016, due to processing times and lag between visa issuance and admission, there were
small numbers of applicants who received 600 points for Arranged Employment for the 2017 and 2018
admission cohorts. As Table 46 demonstrates, applicants in senior managers roles admitted to Canada in
2017 ($236,300) and 2018 ($262,100) with arranged employment had a significantly higher median
employment earnings two years after their arrival than those applicant with arranged employment in
other occupations. Applicants admitted to Canada who received 50 or 200 additional points for Arranged
Employment points had a higher median employment earnings than those who received 600 points for
Arranged Employment or without Arranged Employment.
44
Table 46: Median Employment Earnings (2020$) 2 years after admission by Arranged Employment
attribute (i.e. including PNP)
Arranged
Employment -
Senior manager
(50 vs 200
points)*
Arranged Employment
- Other occupation (50
vs 200 points)*
Arranged
Employment (600
points)
Without
Arranged
Employment
2015, admission year
N\A
N\A
$48,700
$63,600
2016, admission year
N\A
N\A
$53,700
$64,900
2017, admission year
$236,300
$78,700
$52,100
$59,900
2018, admission year
$262,100
$81,800
$47,500
$58,800
*Arranged Employment factor definition was revised on November 2016.
Source: IMDB, 2020 update
Unilingual French language speakers in the 2017 and 2018 admission cohorts had a higher median
employment earnings two years after admission than their bilingual counterparts (Table 47). Moreover, it
was also seen that applicants without siblings in Canada (Table 48) had a higher median employment
earnings two years after admission than their counterparts with siblings in Canada.
Table 47: Median Employment Earnings (2020$) 2 years after admission by French-Speaker attribute
(i.e. including PNP)
CLB 7 or
more in
French and
CLB 4 or less
in English
CLB 7 or more in
French and CLB 5 or
more in English
No French Test
Result or CLB 6 less
in French
Not
Applicable*
2017, admission year
$55,200
$53,700
$59,500
$60,100
2018, admission year
$57,300
$55,700
$59,700
$61,900
*Invited to apply prior French-Speaker factor introduction in June 2017.
Source: IMDB, 2020 update
Table 48: Median Employment Earnings (2020$) 2 years after admission by Siblings in Canada
attribute (i.e. including PNP)
With Siblings in
Canada
Without Siblings in Canada
Not Applicable*
2017, admission year
$54,500
$59,800
$60,100
2018, admission year
$52,600
$60,300
$61,900
*Invited to apply prior Siblings in Canada factor introduction in June 2017.
Source: IMDB, 2020 update
Conclusion
45
In 2022, in the eighth year of its operation, the EE application management system continued to provide
a pathway to permanent residence for a range of highly-skilled candidates who demonstrated the
potential to successfully integrate and contribute to Canada’s economy. IRCC leveraged the
responsiveness and adaptability of the EE system by managing application inventories and maximizing
economic immigrant admissions to help meet the GoC’s immigration targets and support Canada’s
ongoing recovery from the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Going forward, the EE system will be a key component of IRCC’s Strategy to Expand Transitions to
Permanent Residency, which was tabled in Parliament on September 20, 2022 and supports the
achievement of the Minister’s mandate commitment to expand permanent residence pathways for
international students and temporary foreign workers. The strategy aims to reform the EE system,
including by increasing its flexibility as immigration selection tool through recent changes to the IRPA.
With the recent legislative amendments made to the IRPA on June 23, 2022, further enhancements to the
EE system, referred to as “category-based selection,” are being planned to increase flexibility to select
those with skills and attributed needed to respond to Canada’s evolving economic needs and
Government priorities. The Department will continue to monitor EE and to explore ways the system
could be used to ensure that Canada continues to derive maximum benefit from economic immigration in
a rapidly evolving environment.
1
Gender data is unavailable or unspecified for a small number of individuals; where applicable, these cases are
reported under the category of “unspecified.” Beginning in 2019, clients had the option of self-reporting a gender
other than man or woman; where applicable, these cases are reported under the category of “another.” Generally,
the number of cases associated with unspecified and another gender are reported for each stage of the Express
Entry continuum.
2
Candidates invited to apply for permanent residence through the Provincial Nominee Program must meet the
eligibility requirements for one of these federal high skilled economic immigration programs.
3
To access the Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) tool, see
https://www.cic.gc.ca/english/immigrate/skilled/crs-tool.asp
4
For a more detailed breakdown of the Comprehensive Ranking System, see
https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-
entry/eligibility/criteria-comprehensive-ranking-system/grid.html
5
Additional points for provincial nominations are excluded from this analysis because they are assigned only after
an individual enters the Express Entry pool.
6
For the purposes of this report, candidates are considered proficient in French if they have submitted a test result
for the Test d’évaluation de français or the Test de connaissance du français and have received a Canadian
Learning Benchmark score of seven in all four abilities.
7
The number of points assigned for a provincial nomination is 600, which is equal to the maximum number of
additional points that a candidate can receive. In effect, because they have already been assigned the maximum
number of additional points, a provincial nominee is not assigned any other type of additional points (e.g., for
having arranged employment), even though they might have met the relevant criteria.
8
Counting invitations issued only to those that were assigned points underrepresents the number with the
associated attribute (e.g. ability to speak French, a sibling in Canada).