with them. The central problem with the previous arguments is that they inaccurately describe
the phenomenon, or they do not cover all types of contraction. The proposal presented in this
paper offers a solution by claiming that there are two procedures for contraction. The first
procedure deals with morphemes that bear tense, which will be referred to as finite contraction in
this paper. In this case, the contracted morpheme attaches itself to its host, located on the right of
the morpheme, as a prefix. The second procedure deals with morphemes that are tenseless, which
will be referred to as non-finite contraction. In this procedure, the contracted morpheme attaches
itself to its host, located on the left of the morpheme, as a suffix. Overall, we will argue that the
previous analyses are either too broad or too restrictive. The alternative account we have
developed is shown to have both greater empirical coverage and interesting implications for the
nature of clausal structure, and syntactic theory, more generally.
BACKGROUND
Contraction is an optional procedure where a once-free morpheme becomes “bound,”
finding a host to which it attaches itself. In the following example, “She’s studying,” the copula
has been reduced from “is” to “s” and as a result, the copula appears to change from a free
morpheme to a bound morpheme. The contracted morpheme then locates a host to which it
attaches itself. The traditional view of contraction is represented by the orthographic system in
English. Using the example given above, this view states that when the copula is reduced, it
attaches to its host (she), located to the left of the morpheme, and the apostrophe is a
“placeholder” for the piece of the contracted word that is reduced. However, there is another
influential analysis of contraction proposed by linguist Joan Bresnan (1971). Bresnan argues that,
in tensed be-contraction, “be” is actually contracting and attaching itself, as a prefix, to a host
2
McNair Scholars Research Journal, Vol. 4 [2012], Art. 5
https://commons.emich.edu/mcnair/vol4/iss1/5